The second part is two digits. Albanian (/ælˈbeɪniən/; shqip, [ʃc͡çip] or gjuha shqipe, [ɟ͡ʝuha ˈʃc͡çipɛ]) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Albanians in the Balkans and the Albanian diaspora in the Americas, Europe and Oceania. Such borrowing indicates that the Romanians migrated from an area where the majority was Slavic (i.e. [59][60] The oldest known Albanian printed book, Meshari, or "missal", was written in 1555 by Gjon Buzuku, a Roman Catholic cleric. [63] Some loanwords, however, have been proposed such as shegë ("pomegranate") or lëpjetë ("orach", compare with Pre-Greek lápathon, λάπαθον, "monk's rhubarb").[64][62]. Jernej Kopitar (1780–1844) was the first to note Latin's influence on Albanian and claimed "the Latin loanwords in the Albanian language had the pronunciation of the time of Emperor Augustus". Kopitar, Jernej K. "Albanische, walachische und bulgarische Sprache". Other formative changes include the syncretism of several noun case endings, especially in the plural, as well as a large-scale palatalisation. Call the light when the moon falls and no longer exists ...", Dr. Robert Elsie, a specialist in Albanian studies, considers that "The Todericiu/Polena Romanian translation of the non-Latin lines, although it may offer some clues if the text is indeed Albanian, is fanciful and based, among other things, on a false reading of the manuscript, including the exclusion of a whole line. The Elbasan subdialect remained in use for administrative purposes and many new writers embraced for creative writing. [10], First attested in the 15th century, it is the last Indo-European branch to appear in written records. Part 1: ISO 639-1:2002 provides a 2-letter code that has been designed to represent most of the major languages of the world. Like English, Albanian has dental fricatives /θ/ (like the th in thin) and /ð/ (like the th in this), written as th and dh, which are rare cross-linguistically. Alternative hypotheses hold that Albanian may have descended from Thracian or Daco-Moesian, other ancient languages spoken farther east than Illyrian. Bloomington: Indiana University Pub. [101] Of all the foreign influences in Albanian, the deepest reaching and most impactful was the absorption of loans from Latin in the Classical period and its Romance successors afterward, with over 60% of Albanian vocabulary consisting of Latin roots, causing Albanian to once have been mistakenly identified as a Romance language. Center for Research in Languages and Linguistics Editors Henrik Birnbaum, Jaan Puhvel Publisher University of California Press, 1966 p.102, A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian Author Vladimir Ė. Orel Publisher BRILL, 2000, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKopitar1829 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMeyer-Lübke1914 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMihaescu1966 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRosetti1986 (, Last edited on 27 September 2020, at 19:16, the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, Albanian Institute of Linguistics and Literature, Albanian-Romanian linguistic relationship, Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese, Appendice al saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese, Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Einleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache, Rreth alfabetit të shqipes: me rastin e 100-vjetorit të Kongresit të Manastirit, Albanesische Studien I. [102] They include many frequently used core vocabulary items, including shumë ("very", from Latin summus), pak ("few", Latin paucus), ngushtë ("narrow", Latin angustus), pemë ("tree", Latin poma), vij ("to come", Latin venio), rërë ("sand", Latin arena), drejt ("straight", Latin "directus"), kafshë ("beast", Latin causa, meaning "thing"), and larg ("far away", Latin largus). Since the fall of the communist regime, Albanian orthography has stirred heated debate among scholars, writers, and public opinion in Albania and Kosovo, with hardliners opposed to any changes in the orthography, moderates supporting varying degrees of reform, and radicals calling for a return to the Elbasan dialect. Other loanwords are Doric; these words mainly refer to commodity items and trade goods and probably came through trade with a now-extinct intermediary.[122]. Although the Indo-European schwa (ə or -h2-) was preserved in Albanian, in some cases it was lost, possibly when a stressed syllable preceded it. Part 2: ISO 639-2:1998 provides a 3-letter code, which gives more possible combinations, so ISO 639-2:1998 can cover more languages.

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