Indo-European is the largest language family, followed by Sino-Tibetan, and lastly Afro-Asiatic. The farther left the branches are being linked at, the less reliable the classification is. That single language, which the Professor calls the Mother Tongue or proto-world, diverged naturally over time into the several thousands of diverse forms spoken today. .

They chattered away for the mere pleasure of chattering . Oxford University Press, 2003) Otto Jespersen on Language as Play (1922) - "[P]rimitive speakers were not reticent and reserved beings, but youthful men and women babbling merrily on, without being so particular about the meaning of each word. On the one hand, there are those who feel that language is so complex, and so deeply ingrained in the human condition, that it must have evolved slowly over immense periods of time. Over the centuries, many theories have been put forward—and almost all of them have been challenged, discounted, and ridiculed. . . . . Studying languages as the products of nature, it is interested in the biological origin and … A hypothesis put forward by Professor Joseph Greenberg and his colleagues (Stanford University) holds that the original mother language developed in Africa among early Homo sapiens. One major problem remains, however; most models about language origins do not readily lend themselves to the formation of testable hypotheses, or rigorous testing of any sort.

In 1866, the Linguistic Society of Paris banned any discussion of the topic: "The Society will accept no communication concerning either the origin of language or the creation of a universal language." Such a structural definition is valuable as a matter of convenience, as a way of delimiting a field of concern. Many languages developed written forms using symbols to visually record their meaning. We are not responsible for republished content from this blog on other blogs or websites without our permission. . The neighbor-joining tree technique brings very similar results. (sorry about the quality. Language allows us to share our thoughts, ideas, emotions, and intention with others. If, on the other hand, we define 'language' in structural terms, thus excluding from consideration most, if not all, of the kinds of gestural usages I have illustrated today, we may be in danger of missing important features of how language, so defined, actually succeeds as an instrument of communication. ", (David F. Armstrong and Sherman E. Wilcox, The Gestural Origin of Language.
", (R.L. The "Uralo-Altaic" hypothesis used to be a widely accepted hypothesis in the past. The original mother tongue may never be found. Whether any early humans possessed language, or didn’t, has had to be inferred from indirect proxy indicators. Other remarks: Language and Gesture, ed. Pairwise comparisons like Finnish to Kazakh and Hungarian to Mongolian show very strong relatedness signals with a very low p-value (low probability that the results are due to chance). . "While we would agree with Kendon's strategy of examining the relationships among spoken and signed languages, pantomime, graphic depiction, and other modes of human representation, we are not convinced that placing gesture in opposition to speech leads to a productive framework for understanding the emergence of cognition and language. All classifications are done automatically, without manual intervention. - "[A]n analysis of the physical structure of visible gesture provides insights into the origins of syntax, perhaps the most difficult question facing students of the origin and evolution of language . Examples on the tree are Croatia/Serbian, Russian and Tahitian. Otto Jespersen on Language as Play (1922), Divided Views on the Origins of Language (2016), Key Events in the History of the English Language, Definition and Examples of Linguistic Prestige, Sound Symbolism in English: Definition and Examples, The Sound 'Schwa' With Definition and Examples in English, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, Definition and Examples of Grammaticality, Where Does Language Come From? . Malay, Indonesian, Javanese,  and Tagalog are all related.

. (See Where Does Language Come From?) .

There are no written records, so we can never know if word similarities happened by sheer chance or by accident. - "Instead of looking at types of sounds as the source of human speech, we can look at the types of physical features humans possess, especially those that are distinct from other creatures, which may have been able to support speech production. "Babies are born with their larynxes in a high position, like monkeys. In most cases, pairwise comparisons with a genetic distance of 80 have a p-value of 0,1 or more - this is a level where chance dominates the results. Over thousands of years, humans have developed a wide variety of systems to assign specific meaning to sounds, forming words and systems of grammar to create languages. .. ", (Esa Itkonen, Analogy as Structure and Process: Approaches in Linguistics, Cognitive Psychology and Philosophy of Science. The kind of information that language was designed to carry was not about the physical world, but rather about the social world. Sino-Tibetan (Includes Chinese) 3. It is the origin of syntax that transforms naming into language, by enabling human beings to comment on and think about the relationships between things and events, that is, by enabling them to articulate complex thoughts and, most important, share them with others.

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