Sportorthopädie und Sporttraumatologie 2007; 23:4-10. The finding has not been confirmed yet nor has it been elucidated whether the torsional changes correlate with the starting age of handball playing, or with the intensity of training practice. The acromioclavicular joint is usually swollen and there is no pathological motion in between acromion and distal end of the clavicle bone.

Consequently they are less accessible to injured players. Initially this myth was quashed in American football, and subsequently taken up by other sports internationally so that regular weight training is now the norm rather than the exception in professional sports. The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology part II: evaluation and treatment of SLAP lesions in throwers. The practical upshot of this is that our efforts to monitor injury based on time-loss definitions wildly underestimate the burden carried by a team at any one time. A place where you can bring questions, post interesting insight and match analysis to soccer referee performances, new guidelines and procedures and upcoming events.


Yet, interfering actions very often exceed the borders determined by the rules.
My main aim is to provide some ‘short-cuts’ for the clinician working in this area in terms of assessment and management of their athletes. Now where the arm ends and where the shoulder begins is subjective, and that's where your judgement as a ref comes in. After playing handball for a while, all these athletes expect to be beaten up to a greater or lesser extent most of the time. Often these players don’t present until their symptoms are quite advanced as this pain doesn’t reduce their throwing effectiveness, it simply hurts after every throw. Andrews JR, Alexander EJ. According to the previous studies on handball, other overhead sports and our investigation24, we can divide handball shoulder injuries in two major groups: traumatic, acute injuries and overuse syndromes.

Similarly but more complex is any neurological dysfunction caused by brachial plexus traction during the blocking manoeuvre or occasionally by direct blows. The pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi power the shoulder forward, However, throwing in handball, not exclusively overhead, is a much more complex activity than throwing in baseball, not only due to many different types of shooting or passing the ball (it was documented there are more than, The shoulder is not at risk because of throwing alone; there are numerous activities in handball that can cause shoulder injury. In this regard, we at Aspetar are working towards using what we feel is a more appropriate measure – that of ‘level of participation’ – which more accurately reflects what injury is doing to players who are competing, but perhaps not at their maximum due to injury, The simplest, and least common, is the thrower who describes pain after releasing the ball during a hard throw, and will tell you that his pain is localised to his posterior shoulder. In handball, the defence attempts to interrupt a shot on goal, by fair means or foul. Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB. The resilience of this posterior cuff needs to be improved, along with any associated scapular dyskinesia that you can tie to the problem (best done through a scapular assistance test6 while performing resisted external rotation). A careful screening neurological examination followed up by examination by an appropriate medical practitioner is essential in documenting any deficit to be able to track the recovery and plan for safely staged rehabilitation as neural function returns. Zanca GG, Oliveira AB, SaccolMF, Ejnisman B, Mattiello-Rosa SM. As the ball came to his position, he leaned forward and also rotated, with the effect that his upper arm/shoulder swung and batted the ball down and towards a teammate. It is also automatically an offence if the arm is above shoulder height. In: Bahr R & Engebretsen L, ed. The authors also prefer a surgical approach, but would like to underline the following: both shoulders are ‘dominant’ in handball since a player does not use arms exclusively for shooting, but also for the performance of gross movements, landing and many playing-position-specific technical-tactical tasks in attack and defence. The next category of injury seen in the handball player’s shoulder arises due to a blocked shot. Players who fail this management may proceed to surgical care, however again the prognosis for return to desired level of play remains guarded, and this is a problem best prevented rather than treated. Clinically, I suspect that if players start to lose accuracy during a session, this indicates the onset of fatigue and the thrower probably needs to stop before an aggravation occurs. It's important to explain to the player (and coach) that we are controlling for throwing velocity by increasing the distances, and later the throws will be shorter (but harder) to mimic the sport's demands. Humeral torsion in the throwing arm of handball players. For the two latter injury-inducing mechanisms one should refer to research literature on rugby and American football or even judo25,26 since the data from handball, if any, are scarce. The shoulder pain can be soothed temporarily with cryotherapy application and rest.

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