[187][188] Following the Arab Spring in December 2010, the choices made by the AKP government for supporting certain political opposition groups in the affected countries have led to tensions with some Arab states, such as Turkey's neighbour Syria since the start of the Syrian civil war, and Egypt after the ousting of President Mohamed Morsi. The first major empire in the area was the Hittites (from the 18th century to the 13th century BC). The Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent.

[231][232] A full-scale insurgency began in 1984, when the PKK announced a Kurdish uprising. Following Alexander's death in 323 BC, Anatolia was subsequently divided into a number of small Hellenistic kingdoms, all of which became part of the Roman Republic by the mid-1st century BC.

[471] The miniatures were usually not signed, perhaps because of the rejection of individualism, but also because the works were not created entirely by one person; the head painter designed the composition of the scene, and his apprentices drew the contours (which were called tahrir) with black or colored ink and then painted the miniature without creating an illusion of depth. [369][original research?] As a general trend, the inland Anatolian plateau becomes increasingly rugged as it progresses eastward.[266]. The first Turkish-made film was a documentary entitled Ayastefanos'taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı (Demolition of the Russian Monument at San Stefano), directed by Fuat Uzkınay and completed in 1914. Separated by the narrow trough of the Kelkit and Çoruh river valleys stands a second ridge that rises above 8,000 feet (2,400 metres). Turkish folk dance is diverse. The vast majority of these are living in Turkey with temporary residence permits. [526], Yeşilçam is the sobriquet that refers to the Turkish film art and industry.

The late 1990s also saw an emergence of underground music producing alternative Turkish rock, electronica, hip-hop, rap and dance music in opposition to the mainstream corporate pop and arabesque genres, which many believe have become too commercial. [339] Turkish government has constantly blocked websites like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Wikipedia. They followed closely the context of the book they were included in, more illustrations than standalone works of art. [255] The media crackdowns also extend to Internet censorship with Wikipedia getting blocked between 29 April 2017 and 15 January 2020.

1930 - The name of Constantinople is officially changed to Istanbul. [176][177], In line with its traditional Western orientation, relations with Europe have always been a central part of Turkish foreign policy. Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa Kemal, who was later honored with the title Ataturk, or "Father of the Turks. [203][204] In 2020, Turkey openly intervened in Libya at the request of the GNA.

Notable players, directors and playwrights of Turkish theatre include Muhsin Ertuğrul, Haldun Taner, Aziz Nesin, Gülriz Sururi, Yıldız Kenter, Müşfik Kenter, Haldun Dormen, Sadri Alışık, Çolpan İlhan, Münir Özkul, Adile Naşit, Erol Günaydın, Gazanfer Özcan, Nejat Uygur, Genco Erkal, Metin Serezli, Nevra Serezli, Levent Kırca, Zeki Alasya, Metin Akpınar, Müjdat Gezen, Ferhan Şensoy, among others. However, the ban was lifted from universities in 2011, from government buildings in 2013,[400] from schools in 2014[401] and from the Armed Forces in 2017. The women's national volleyball team won the gold medal at the 2015 European Games, the silver medal at the 2003 European Championship, the bronze medal at the 2011 European Championship, and the bronze medal at the 2012 FIVB World Grand Prix. Turks first lived in Central Asia around 2000 BC.

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