The Finnish decisions were made by the inner circle of political and military leaders, without the knowledge of the rest of the government, who were not informed until 9 June that mobilization of reservists, due to tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union, would be required. As relations with the Soviet Union changed during the war, Finland was placed in the unusual situation of being for, then against and then for the overall interests of the Allied powers. [140] However, conditions were much worse for Russians in Finnish concentration camps. The Soviet Union ended hostilities exactly 24 hours after the Finns. Ro, Cookies help us deliver our services. The goal of the administration was to prepare the region for eventual incorporation into Finland.

Cease-fire ended the hostilities on 5 September and Moscow Armistice officially ending the hostilities was signed in 19 September. The underwater offensive carried out by the Soviets convinced the Germans to lay anti-submarine nets as well as supporting minefields between Porkkala Peninsula and Naissaar, which proved to be an insurmountable obstacle for Soviet submarines. Previously, in return for critically needed food and defense materiel from the Germans, President Ryti had personally committed, in writing, that no separate peace with the Soviets would be attempted. Retreating German forces had also mined northern Finland heavily. On 31 August, Finnish Headquarters ordered II and IV Corps, which had advanced the furthest, to halt their advance along a line that ran from the Gulf of Finland via Beloostrov– Sestra River– Okhta River–Lembolovo to Ladoga.

[19] International help to Finland was planned, but very little actual help materialized, except from Sweden. Furthermore, Finland had to close, under German pressure, the British legation in Helsinki.

Russia again attacks Finland the same day Germany attacked Russia, first on June 22 and 25 contrary to Leftist propaganda in Finland.

(1989) (in Finnish). The battle was a Finnish victory and effectively ended the reconquest of Karelia.

[115] Relations between Finland and the United States were more complex; the US public was sympathetic to the "brave little democracy" and had anti-communist sentiments.

Accordingly, it became clear that he must resign, paving the way for a separate peace.

[53] Military authorities signed an agreement on 12 September, and an official exchange of diplomatic notes was sent on 22 September. The Red Army penetrated the second line of defence, the Vammelsuu–Taipale line (VT line), by the sixth day and recaptured Viipuri with insignificant resistance on 20 June. There were separate battalions mostly formed from border guard units and used mainly for reconnaissance. The Continuation War began 15 months after the end of the Winter War, also fought between Finland and the USSR. Despite the co-operation in this conflict, Finland never formally signed the Tripartite Pact that had established the Axis powers and justified its alliance with Germany as self-defence. [173] [172], The motivations for the Soviet peace agreement with Finland are debated. Each square carries a letter. The Karelian Isthmus was covered by the 23rd Army. From June 1941, Finnish troops fought alongside German and other forces against the Soviets. Finland participated in the Second World War initially as an independent country battling the Soviet Union, followed by another battle with the Soviet Union as a co-belligerent with Nazi Germany and then finally switching sides to the Allies against Nazi Germany.

It began with a Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939, three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. Finnish radio intelligence is said to have participated effectively in German actions against British convoys to Murmansk. However, the Finnish government began to restore diplomatic relations with Germany.

In Leskinen, Jari; Juutilainen, Antti (in Finnish).

He believed that in the end "Stalin's desire to crush Hitler quickly and decisively without distraction from the Finnish sideshow" concluded the war. About 85,000 people — mostly the elderly, women and children — were left behind, and less than ½ of them were Karelians.

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