Edward de Vere: A Biography De Vere was born in 1550 (14 years before Shakespeare in Stratford-upon-Avon) and inherited the title of 17th Earl of Oxford before his teenage years. After the death of his father in 1562, he became a ward of Queen Elizabeth and was sent to live in the household of her principal advisor, Sir William Cecil. [75], Although details are unclear, there is evidence that in 1577 Oxford attempted to leave England to see service in the French Wars of Religion on the side of King Henry III. '[153] In September, he again wrote of ill health, regretting he had not been able to pay attendance to the Queen. [43] He was entitled to yearly revenues from his estates and the office of Lord Great Chamberlain of approximately £2,250, but he was not entitled to the income from his mother's jointure until after her death, nor to the income from certain estates set aside until 1583 to pay his father's debts. [128], In 1586 Angel Day dedicated The English Secretary, the first epistolary manual for writing model letters in English, to Oxford,[129] and William Webbe praised him as "most excellent among the rest" of our poets in his Discourse of English Poetry. [30] Cecil eventually obtained a position for Oxford under the Earl of Sussex in a Scottish campaign the following spring. [145], His father-in-law, Lord Burghley, died on 4 August 1598 at the age of 78, leaving substantial bequests to Oxford's two unmarried daughters, Bridget and Susan. In February 1577 it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald (1559–1580), but by 2 July her name was linked with that of Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d'Eresby. [91] He also purchased a London residence, a mansion in Bishopsgate known as Fisher's Folly. [156], In July 1600 Oxford wrote requesting Sir Robert Cecil's help in securing an appointment as Governor of the Isle of Jersey, once again citing the Queen's unfulfilled promises to him. [127] The Lord Mayor, Thomas Skinner, was also involved. He fell out of favour with the Queen in the early 1580s and was exiled from court after impregnating one of her maids of honour, Anne Vavasour, which instigated violent street brawls between Oxford’s retainers and Anne’s uncles. [95], Oxford was still under house arrest in mid-July,[96] but took part in an Accession Day tournament at Whitehall on 17 November 1581. [24], On 23 July 1567, while practicing fencing in the backyard of Cecil House in the Strand, the seventeen-year-old Oxford killed Thomas Brincknell, an under-cook in the Cecil household. He was the only son of John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, and his second wife, Margery Golding and was probably named to honour Edward VI, from whom he received a gilded christening cup. This antagonism may have triggered the famous quarrel between Oxford and Sidney on the tennis court at Whitehall.
De Vere died in 1604 in Middlesex, 12 years before Shakespeare’s death in Stratford-upon-Avon. [109] The new Oxford's Men toured the provinces between 1580 and 1587.

[124] Oxford wrote to Burghley outlining a plan to purchase the manorial lands of Denbigh, in Wales, if the Queen would consent, offering to pay for them by commuting his £1,000 annuity and agreeing to abandon his suit to regain the Forest of Essex (Waltham Forest), and to deed over his interests in Hedingham and Brets for the use of his children, who were living with Burghley under his guardianship.
[79], Leicester is credited by Nelson with having "dislodged Oxford from the pro-French group", i.e., the group at court which favoured Elizabeth's marriage to the Duke of Anjou. His page's speech at the tournament, describing Oxford's appearance as the Knight of the Tree of the Sun, was published in 1592 in a pamphlet entitled Plato, Axiochus. Some of De Vere’s early poetry appeared in print under his own name. [27] In the winter of 1570, Oxford made the acquaintance of the mathematician and astrologer John Dee and became interested in occultism, studying magic and conjuring. In the first contract, he sold his manors in Cornwall, Staffordshire, and Wiltshire to three trustees for £6,000.

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