They will develop many of the same symptoms as their pregnant partners, including weight gain, nausea, and backache. It is reported more frequently in countries that place heavy emphasis on fertility and childbearing; such pronatalist beliefs are often highly prominent in developing countries. Phantom pregnancy (or pseudocyesis) is a rare condition that results in a woman (or even a man) believing they are pregnant, displaying the symptoms of pregnancy but with no foetus present. The medical term for the condition, pseudocyesis, comes from the Greek word pseudes which means "false" and kyesis which means "pregnancy". Phantom pregnancy in dogs refers to a condition where a female dog exhibits symptoms of pregnancy, but is not actually pregnant.
For example, continuously contracting the diaphragm may give the appearance of a distended abdomen while forcing the intestinal units downwards. False pregnancy is the appearance of clinical or subclinical signs and symptoms associated with pregnancy although the individual is not physically carrying a baby.
Women who experience false pregnancy often experience related feelings of stress, fear, anticipation, and general emotional disturbance.
[13], There is no direct evidence for treating false pregnancy with pharmacotherapy, but medications may be used to restore hormonal and neurotransmitter imbalances which are implicated in physical manifestations of false pregnancy. [2] Psychotherapy may be used when individuals have difficulty coming to terms with their false pregnancy, or remain symptomatic after knowing their false diagnosis. [7] Other social factors impacting include low educational status, marital issues, unstable relationship patterns, history of partner abuse, social deprivation, poverty, lower socioeconomic status, and unemployment.
[1], In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), false pregnancy is a somatic symptom disorder; it is listed as "not elsewhere classified", meaning it is in a category by itself, different from other somatic symptom disorders such as functional neurological symptom disorder (formerly known as conversion disorders). If your dog has not been mated, this may leave you scratching your head as to why they appear pregnant.
Read on to discover what the signs are, how a false pregnancy gets diagnosed and when medical treatment is necessary. [2], Although rare, pseudocyesis occurs more commonly in developing countries. In some dogs this may be mild – not enough to notice – but in others the symptoms can be very convincing to both the dog and her owner. Those characteristics well as the ineffectiveness of psychoanalytic cures seem to indicate a more organic diagnosis such as tuberculous meningitis or tuberculous encephalitis with partial temporal epileptic component. [1] In pseudocyetic abdominal swellings, the abdomen becomes uniformly swollen, and the navel stays inverted. [2] Reduction in catecholamine levels have been observed in people with symptoms such as hyperprolactinemia and abdominal distentions. In more persistent or severe cases, the vet might recommend a treatment to help restore the hormonal balance.
[4] According to Gogia et al.
Some men experience a related phenomenon known as couvade, or sympathetic pregnancy.
This is also known as false pregnancy or pseudo-pregnancy and can affect any type of female dog, regardless of age or breed. However, a dog should not be spayed during a phantom pregnancy as this can cause the symptoms to persist. After a female dog has a season, she experiences a prolonged peak of the ‘pregnancy hormone’ progesterone lasting 8-9 weeks, whether she is pregnant or not (this does not occur in humans).
This cooperative behaviour is driven by hormones. You can expect to see many of the same symptoms of an actual pregnancy to manifest in the case of a false pregnancy. [16][17], Anna O (Josef Breuer's patient as mentioned in 1895 by Breuer and Sigmund Freud in Studies on Hysteria), experienced false pregnancy in the context of preexisting mental health problems. They will examine your dog for abdominal swelling, mammary growth and lactation. For instance, French obstetrician Charles Pajot stated in the 19th century, “there are no false pregnancies, only false diagnoses.”[16][17], In the mid-1960s, a woman who appeared to be in labor was not properly examined because delivery appeared imminent; it was thought that her water broke but the expelled liquid was urine. [1] For most people, psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy (with antidepressants or antipsychotics), hormonal therapy, and uterine tissue removal is adequate to treat the condition.
An ultrasound can accurately distinguish between a false and true pregnancy. Phantom pregnancy in dogs refers to a condition where a female dog exhibits symptoms of pregnancy, but is not actually pregnant. [1] The word pseudocyesis comes from the greek word pseudes which means "false" and kyesis which means "pregnancy".
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